Penetrant testing is a common non-destructive testing method for surface defects. It is mainly used to detect open defects such as cracks, pores and porosity on non-porous materials like metal, glass and plastic. With capillary action, penetrant seeps into defects, and clear indications will be shown after cleaning and developing. Featuring easy operation and intuitive results, it is widely applied in inspecting weldments, forgings, castings and equipment surfaces, effectively ensuring structural safety and product reliability.